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SRX19163923: GSM6970367: ToCSV isolate from susceptible tomato line, 35 dpi, rep1; Tomato curly stunt virus; Bisulfite-Seq
1 ILLUMINA (Illumina NovaSeq 6000) run: 12.1M spots, 2.4G bases, 793.8Mb downloads

External Id: GSM6970367_r1
Submitted by: University of Johannesburg
Study: THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE METHYLATION PATTERNS OF TOMATO CURLY STUNT VIRUS IN RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE TOMATO LINES
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Tomato curly stunt virus (ToCSV) is a monopartite begomovirus infecting tomatoes in South Africa, with sequence similarity to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). While there are numerous reports on the mechanism of TYLCV resistance in tomato, the underlying mechanisms in the tomato-ToCSV pathosystem is still relatively unknown. The main aim of this study was to investigate and compare the global methylation profile of ToCSV in two near-isogenic tomato lines, one with a tolerant phenotype (T, NIL396) and one with a susceptible phenotype (S, NIL395). Bisulfite conversion and PCR amplification, coupled with a next-generation sequencing approach, were used to elucidate the global pattern of methylation of ToCSV cytosine residues in T and S leave tissue at 35 days post-infection (dpi). The extent of methylation was more pronounced in tolerant plants compared to susceptible plants in all sequence (CG, CHG and CHH) contexts, however, the overall methylation levels were relatively low (<3%). Notably, a significant interaction (p < 0.05) was observed between the viral genomic region and susceptible vs. tolerant status for CG methylated regions where it was observed that the 3'IR CG methylation was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than CG methylation of other genomic regions in tolerant and susceptible plants. Additionally, statistically significant (EdgeR p < 0.05) differentially methylated cytosines were located primarily in the genomic regions V2/V1 and C4/C1 of ToCSV. The relative expression, using RT-qPCR, was also employed in order to quantify the expression of various key methylation-related genes, MET1, CMT2, KYP4/SUVH4, DML2, RDM1, AGO4 and AGO6 in T vs. S plants at 35dpi. The differential expression between T and S was significant for MET1, KYP4/SUVH4 and RDM1 at p<0.05 which further supports more pronounced methylation observed in ToCSV from T plants vs. S plants. While this study provides new insights into the differences in methylation profiles of ToCSV in S vs. T tomato plants, further research is required to link tolerance and susceptibility to ToCSV. Overall design: Differential cytosine methylation of ToCSV (Accession: OK813888.1) isolated from a tolerant (T,NIL396) and susceptible (S, NIL395) tomato line. Viral samples from 3 biological replicates of each line were analysed (S1-3 and T1-3, respectively) at 35 dpi.
Sample: ToCSV isolate from susceptible tomato line, 35 dpi, rep1
SAMN32903995 • SRS16576347 • All experiments • All runs
Library:
Name: GSM6970367
Instrument: Illumina NovaSeq 6000
Strategy: Bisulfite-Seq
Source: GENOMIC
Selection: RANDOM
Layout: PAIRED
Construction protocol: The leaf tissue was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 °C until needed. Total DNA was extracted from the harvested leaf tissue using the modified cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction method. Harvested snap-frozen leaf tissue was crushed to a fine powder using a micro pestle and resuspended in 500 µL of CTAB buffer (2% (w/v) CTAB, 5 M NaCl, 0.2% 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.5 M EDTA, 1 M Tris-HCI, pH 8.0 and 2% w/v PVP) and incubated at 65 °C for 60 min. For phase separation, 500µl of chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (24:1) was added, followed by centrifugation at 13 000 g for 10 min at room temperature. The aqueous phase was extracted to a new microfuge tube, and an equal amount of isopropanol was added to precipitate the DNA. The mixture was centrifuged at 13 000 g for 10 min, and the supernatant was removed. The pellet was washed twice in 1 ml of ice-cold 70% ethanol (v/v) followed by centrifugation at 13 000 g for 5 min. The pellet was air-dried and resuspended in TE buffer (1 M Tris, pH 8, and 0.5 M EDTA) supplemented with 200 µg/ml RNase A and stored overnight at 4°C. Total DNA was subjected to restriction digestion using the restriction endonuclease BamH1 (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, USA). The endonuclease digestion was carried out in a reaction that contained 1X FastDigest ® buffer (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, USA), 1.25 U/µL BamH1 enzyme and DNA template. The reactions were incubated at 37 °C for 16 hours and inactivated at 80 °C for 5 min. Followed by the addition of proteinase K (20mg/ml) and subsequent incubation for 15 min at room temperature and 10 min. Following the proteinase K treatment, the digested DNA was purified using the DNA clean-up (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA). A total of 500 ng of purified DNA was used for bisulfite conversion, using the Zymo EZ DNA methylation Gold™ kit. Bisulfite-modified DNA was used as a PCR template using Epimark Taq polymerase (New England Biolabs). PCR was carried out in a final volume of 20 µL, containing, 1X Epimark buffer, 200 µM dNTPs, 0.2 µM primer, 0.0125 U/µL PCR of the EpiMark Hot Start Taq DNA Polymerase and 100 ng DNA template. PCR for each primer set was performed independently using the Eppendorf master cycler (Merck, US) with the following cycling conditions; initial denaturation 95 °C for 30 sec, followed by 40 cycles of denaturation 95 °C for 30 sec, annealing at specific temperatures for each primer set (see supplementary file) for 60 sec, extension 68°C for 1 min and a final extension at 68°C for 5 min. To confirm positive amplification, 5µL of the PCR amplicons were separated on a 1 % agarose gel stained with 10 µg/mL ethidium bromide and visualized under ultraviolet light, using a ChemiDoc MP imaging system (Bio-Rad, USA). TruSeq Nano (low molecular weight/adapter ligation)
Runs: 1 run, 12.1M spots, 2.4G bases, 793.8Mb
Run# of Spots# of BasesSizePublished
SRR2321611212,091,3932.4G793.8Mb2023-01-26

ID:
26362639

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